Journal: Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists

Article Title: The endocannabinoid system regulates both ependymoglial and neuronal cell responses to a tail amputation in the axolotl.

doi: 10.1002/dvdy.70035

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1 Identification and conservation of the axolotl endocannabinoid receptors. (A) Protein sequence alignment of the putative axolotl CB1 sequence with the rat and zebrafish CB1 sequence. (B) Protein sequence alignment of the putative axolotl CB2 sequence with the rat and zebrafish CB2 sequence. Red asterisks and red boxes indicate amino acids that are conserved between all three species. (C) Western blot using the rat CB1 antibody on axolotl tail tissue demonstrates a single prominent band at 120 kDa (n = 3). (D) Western blot using the rat CB2 antibody on axolotl tail tissue demonstrates two bands at a similar molecular weight of 46 kDa (n = 3). MW = molecular weight (for each band in ladder). (E) Preadsorption control for the CB1 antibody using either CB1 or CB2 antigenic peptides (n = 3). (F) Preadsorption control for the CB2 antibody using CB1 or CB2 antigenic peptides (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Overnight incubations in primary antibodies were then performed at 4 C using 1:1000 CB1 (Alomone Labs) and 1:1000 CB2 (Alomone Labs).

Techniques: Sequencing, Western Blot, Molecular Weight, Control

Journal: Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists

Article Title: The endocannabinoid system regulates both ependymoglial and neuronal cell responses to a tail amputation in the axolotl.

doi: 10.1002/dvdy.70035

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 CB1 and CB2 are upregulated in response to tail amputation. (A) Western blot analysis demonstrates a significant upregulation of CB1 in the first 3 days after tail amputation, compared to uninjured controls (n = 3; F(4,40) = 5.994, p = .0007, one-way ANOVA). (B) No change in CB2 expression is shown in the first 3 days post tail amputation (n = 3; F(4,40) = 2.779, p = .0397, one-way ANOVA). (C) Western blot analysis demonstrates a significant upregulation of CB1 expression at both 7 and 14 days after tail amputation (n = 3; F(2,24) = 15.97, p < .0001, one-way ANOVA). (D) Western blot analysis demonstrates a significant upregulation of CB2 at 7 and 14 days post tail amputation (n = 3; F(2,24) = 10.84, p = .0004, one-way ANOVA). Uninj = uninjured tail tissue. hpa = hours post tail amputation; dpa = days post tail amputation. ns = not significant. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001 compared to uninjured controls. #p < .05.

Article Snippet: Overnight incubations in primary antibodies were then performed at 4 C using 1:1000 CB1 (Alomone Labs) and 1:1000 CB2 (Alomone Labs).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists

Article Title: The endocannabinoid system regulates both ependymoglial and neuronal cell responses to a tail amputation in the axolotl.

doi: 10.1002/dvdy.70035

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 4 Inhibiting CB1 and CB2 receptor signaling impairs tail regeneration. (A) Representative images of tail regenerates after a 7-day treatment with the vehicle (control, i), 1 μM AM251 (ii), or 1 μM AM630 (iii). Black dotted line indicates the original plane of amputation. Scale bar: 1 mm. (B, C) Graphs show that the proportional increase in axolotl body length was significantly reduced following either a 7-day treatment with either 1 μM AM251 (n = 8; B) or after a 7-day treatment with 1 μM AM630 (n = 8; C) compared to the vehicle control (unpaired t tests). (D) Graph shows a significant reduction in the proportional increase in axolotl body length (7 days after tail amputation) following only a 1-day pulse treatment with either 1 μM AM251 (n = 10) or 1 μM AM630 (n = 10), compared to vehicle controls (n = 10; F(2,27) = 18.86; p < .0001, one-way ANOVA). (E) Western blot analyses show that treatment with AM251 prevented the upregulation of CB1 that normally occurs in untreated or vehicle-treated control animals at 7-days post tail amputation (n = 3; Constant 7-day bath treatment: F(3,32) = 14.69; p < .0001; 1-day pulse treatment: F(3,32) = 18.60; p < .0001; one-way ANOVAs). Representative blot for 1-day pulse treatment shown. (F) Treatment with AM630 prevented the upregulation of CB2 that normally occurs in untreated or vehicle- treated control animals at 7-days post tail amputation (n = 3; constant treatment: F(3,32) = 24.80; p < .0001; 1-day pulse treatment: F(3,32) = 11.60; p < .0001; one-way ANOVAs). Representative blot for 7-day constant treatment shown. **p < .01, ***p < .001, ****p < .0001 compared to vehicle controls. ###p < .001. ####p < .0001.

Article Snippet: Overnight incubations in primary antibodies were then performed at 4 C using 1:1000 CB1 (Alomone Labs) and 1:1000 CB2 (Alomone Labs).

Techniques: Control, Western Blot

Journal: Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology

Article Title: Ameliorative Role of β-Caryophyllene on Antioxidant Biomarkers in a Paroxetine-Induced Model of Male Sexual Dysfunction.

doi: 10.1111/bcpt.70010

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 | CB2 receptor expression levels in different experimental groups. Values are expressed relative to the normal control group. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean (n = 6). Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: CB2 receptor expression was quantified using a primary antibody specific for CB2 receptors (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, United States; antibody number sc- 293188).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Xixin Decoction’s novel mechanism for alleviating Alzheimer’s disease cognitive dysfunction by modulating amyloid-β transport across the blood–brain barrier to reduce neuroinflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1508726

Figure Lengend Snippet: XXD medicated serum upregulates CB2 and Mfsd2a expression and downregulates CB1 expression in the blood-brain barrier cell model. (A) and (B) Comparison of relative CB1 protein expression; (C) and (D) Comparison of relative CB2 protein expression; (E) and (F) Comparison of relative Mfsd2a protein expression; ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The antibody against cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2, 218402) was purchased from Lifespan Biosciences (United States).

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Xixin Decoction’s novel mechanism for alleviating Alzheimer’s disease cognitive dysfunction by modulating amyloid-β transport across the blood–brain barrier to reduce neuroinflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1508726

Figure Lengend Snippet: XXD Modulates the P-gp/eCBs Axis in the Hippocampal CA1 Region of SAMP8 Mice; (A) and (B) Comparison of relative P-gp protein expression levels; (C) and (D) Comparison of relative CB1 protein expression levels; (E) and (F) Comparison of relative CB2 protein expression levels; (G) and (H) Immunohistochemical staining for P-gp in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice; (I) and (J) Immunohistochemical staining for CB1 in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice; (K) and (L) Immunohistochemical staining for CB2 in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice; (n = 6); scale bar: 20μm; images captured at ×400 magnification; ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The antibody against cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2, 218402) was purchased from Lifespan Biosciences (United States).

Techniques: Comparison, Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining